Which medication is commonly used for the treatment of infantile apnea?

Caffeine citrate is commonly used for the treatment of infantile apnea due to its stimulating effects on the central nervous system, particularly in premature infants. Infantile apnea is characterized by pauses in breathing that can last longer than 20 seconds or may be associated with bradycardia or oxygen desaturation. Caffeine citrate works by enhancing respiratory drive and reducing the frequency and severity of these apneic episodes.

Its effectiveness stems from its pharmacological profile, which not only promotes breathing but also helps to improve the stability of heart rate and oxygen levels in infants. This makes it a preferred choice in clinical settings for treating apnea in newborns. The use of caffeine citrate has been supported by various studies demonstrating its safety and efficacy in this population.

In contrast, while theophylline can also stimulate respiratory function, it is not as commonly used compared to caffeine due to a narrower therapeutic index and potential side effects. Albuterol, primarily a bronchodilator, is more suitable for conditions like asthma and does not address the underlying mechanisms of infantile apnea. Atropine, an anticholinergic agent, is generally used to manage bradycardia and does not specifically treat apnea.