When should a child with an upper respiratory infection be referred to a specialist?

A child with an upper respiratory infection should be referred to a specialist if they exhibit persistent fever, severe symptoms, or difficulty breathing. These signs indicate that the child may be experiencing complications or a more serious underlying condition, rather than a typical viral upper respiratory infection which usually resolves on its own.

Persistent fever can suggest a more significant infection, such as bacterial pneumonia, which may require different management including antibiotics. Severe symptoms could imply that the child is at risk of respiratory distress or other complications that need further evaluation and possibly intervention. Difficulty breathing is particularly concerning as it can indicate airway obstruction or severe respiratory compromise, necessitating immediate medical attention and possibly specialized care.

Overall, these criteria for referral ensure that children are receiving appropriate treatment and follow-up when their condition may exceed the typical resolution pattern expected with simple upper respiratory infections.