What physiological change occurs in asthma?

In asthma, a key physiological change is the occurrence of airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction. This condition is characterized by the narrowing of the airways due to inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which results from various triggers such as allergens, irritants, or respiratory infections.

Airway inflammation leads to swelling and increased mucus production, which can block the airways and make it difficult for air to flow in and out of the lungs. Additionally, bronchoconstriction, the tightening of the smooth muscles surrounding the airways, further restricts airflow. These changes contribute to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath, making it difficult for individuals with asthma to breathe normally.

Understanding this aspect of asthma is critical for the management and treatment of the condition, which often involves anti-inflammatory medications and bronchodilators to open airways and reduce inflammation.