What is the first-line treatment for an asthma exacerbation?

Inhaled short-acting beta-agonists are considered the first-line treatment for an asthma exacerbation because they provide rapid relief of bronchospasm by relaxing the smooth muscles in the airways. These medications, such as albuterol, act quickly to alleviate symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. They are essential in emergency settings for immediate management of asthma attacks because they can act within minutes, making them highly effective for urgent situations.

Other treatment options may play roles in the management of asthma but are not suitable as first-line responses during an exacerbation. For instance, intravenous steroids are typically reserved for more severe cases or those requiring hospitalization. Oral antihistamines are primarily used for allergic reactions and do not directly address bronchoconstriction. Long-acting bronchodilators serve as maintenance therapy rather than immediate relief during an exacerbation, as they take longer to onset and are not intended for acute treatment.