What are the criteria for diagnosing asthma in children?

The criteria for diagnosing asthma in children primarily focus on recognizing symptoms that indicate inflammation and bronchial hyperreactivity, common characteristics of asthma. The correct option emphasizes a combination of factors: a history of wheezing, the presence of daytime symptoms, the occurrence of night-time awakenings due to breathing difficulties, and a positive response to bronchodilators.

Wheezing, a whistling sound during breathing, is a hallmark of asthma and indicates airway obstruction. Daytime symptoms can affect a child’s ability to participate in normal activities, while night-time awakenings due to respiratory issues are critical, as they suggest uncontrolled asthma. Furthermore, the response to bronchodilators serves as a functional test to assess reversibility of airway obstruction, which is central to an asthma diagnosis. These criteria together provide a comprehensive understanding of the child’s respiratory health and align with established asthma guidelines.

Other options highlight symptoms or conditions that do not specifically or reliably indicate asthma. High blood pressure does not relate to asthma diagnostics, and persistent cough alone is too broad and can point to various conditions without the specific indicators of asthma. Sudden weight loss, although concerning, is not associated with asthma and requires further investigation for other underlying issues.